This source describes in detail what the doctrine of discovery is, how it has shaped Canada's relationship with Indigenous Peoples (legally, politically, economically, and socially) and why it must be formally renounced in Canada in order to achieve reconciliation and decolonization. This is a useful source for teachers who may need some background knowledge about how the Canadian government and settlers more broadly tend to write, think, and talk about Canada as a place that was "discovered" by explorers or pioneers. For teachers beginning to introduce the concept of Treaties, a first step may be to internally reflect upon how we have, generally, historically been taught or are expected to teach Canada's history of settlement. This is an incredible resource for dismantling any preconceived notions of Canada as a "blank space" or terra nulius before European settlement, and a source that provides many justifications for overruling doctrine of discovery pedagogy with new paradigms.

Description taken from the NFB: "Covering a vast swath of northern Ontario, Treaty No. 9 reflects the often contradictory interpretations of treaties between First Nations and the Crown. To the Canadian government, this treaty represents a surrendering of Indigenous sovereignty, while the descendants of the Cree signatories contend its original purpose to share the land and its resources has been misunderstood and not upheld. Enlightening as it is entertaining, Trick or Treaty? succinctly and powerfully portrays one community’s attempts to enforce their treaty rights and protect their lands, while also revealing the complexities of contemporary treaty agreements. Trick or Treaty? made history as the first film by an Indigenous filmmaker to be part of the Masters section at TIFF when it screened there in 2014."

A brief interview with John B Zoe, a Tłı̨chǫ citizen from Behchokǫ̀, was a chief negotiator of the Tłı̨chǫ Agreement in 2005. The interview provides context about the signing of Treaty 11 and is helpful for hearing proper pronunciation of place names. The setting is an exhibit in Yellowknife's Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, tracing 100 years since the 1921 signing of Treat 11. Among the items shown in the interview and in the exhibit are Chief Monfwi's treaty jacket, a copy of the treaty, and the Tłı̨chǫ treaty medal The Treaty 11 – 100 Years exhibit, staged by the museum, the Tłı̨chǫ Government and Tłı̨chǫ citizens, traces the history and impacts of the treaty in the Tłı̨chǫ region, where it was signed by Chief Monfwi on August 22, 1921.

Treaty Tales is an original trilogy that makes learning about the treaties and their history fun and engaging. In the series, Neepin and her kookoo as they share stories and learn about friendship, respect, honouring agreements and the history of Turtle Island. The three titles in the trilogy are The Handshake and the Pipe, The Friendship and We Are All Treaty People.

From the publisher: "Compete with your friends to build an accurate timeline of the laws and treaties made, altered, and broken between the Indigenous People and the U.S. and Canadian governments.

This game covers the history of indigenous laws and treaties from 1778 to 2013. For 2 to 8 players ages 8 and above".

From New Peoples to New Nations is a broad historical account of the emergence of the Metis as distinct peoples in North America over the last three hundred years. Examining the cultural, economic, and political strategies through which communities define their boundaries, Gerhard J. Ens and Joe Sawchuk trace the invention and reinvention of Metis identity from the late eighteenth century to the present day. Their work updates, rethinks, and integrates the many disparate aspects of Metis historiography, providing the first comprehensive narrative of Metis identity in more than fifty years. * Shortlisted 2017 Canada Prize in the Humanities and Social sciences; CHOICE Winner 2016 Outstanding Academic Title.

From the earliest settler policies to deal with the “Indian problem,” to contemporary government-run programs ostensibly designed to help Indigenous people, public policy has played a major role in creating the historical trauma that so greatly impacts the lives of Indigenous peoples in Canada. Taking Back Our Spirits traces the link between Canadian public policies, the injuries they have inflicted on Indigenous people, and Indigenous literature’s ability to heal individuals and communities. Episkenew examines contemporary autobiography, fiction, and drama to reveal how these texts respond to and critique public policy, and how literature functions as “medicine” to help cure the colonial contagion. * 2009 Winner of the Saskatchewan Book Award for Scholarly Writing; 210 Winner of the Saskatchewan Book Award for First Peoples’ Writing

Life is changing for the Anishnaabe Nation and for the wolf packs that share their territory. In the late 1800s, both Native people and wolves are being forced from the land. Starving and lonely, an orphaned timber wolf is befriended by a boy named Red Wolf. But under the Indian Act, Red Wolf is forced to attend a residential school far from the life he knows, and the wolf is alone once more. Courage, love and fate reunite the pair, and they embark on a perilous journey home. But with winter closing in, will Red Wolf and Crooked Ear survive? And if they do, what will they find? * Moonbeam Children’s Book Award 2014; Forest of Reading, Shortlisted Silver Birch Awards; Shortlisted MYRCA Award 2016; Toronto Public Library’s 2015 Great Reads for Kids Collection

This source provides the text for Treaty 11, explaining that "Treaty 11, the last of the Numbered Treaties, was an agreement established between 1921 and 1922 between King George V and various First Nation band governments in what is today the Northwest Territories. It outlined the exchange of land ownership rights for monetary value, various amenities and hunting rights."

An incredible resource for teachers in Treaty 6, this website contains dozens of grade-specific lesson plans, activities, and other resources for K-12. As the website explains, "Four Treaty Education K-12 goals have been identified as the basis for building understanding and nurturing appreciation. These goals are based upon the Treaty Essential Learnings (2006) and are intended to be addressed through various subject areas. These goals are:

• Treaty Relationships;

• Spirit and Intent of Treaties;

• Historical Context of Treaties, and

• Treaty Promises and Provisions.

While they are presented separately, the goals for Treaty Education can best be understood when considered as parts of a whole, integrated into other curriculum in meaningful ways. The outcomes and indicators at each grade level are designed to engage learners on a journey of inquiry and discovery. When meaningfully and thoughtfully incorporated into subject areas, Treaty Education moves beyond an idea to become actualized as a belief that benefits all learners." Content profoundly covers topic areas of Treaty Six Basics, The Story of Treaty Six, Treaty Perspectives, Contemporary Issues of Treaty, Curriculum and Instructional support, Living Histories project documentation, an Interactive game on Treaty 6 Territory, and additional resources and links.